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CEFR C1 — Advanced

C1 English Vocabulary List

2,123 essential advanced-level English words. Click any word for its definition and five example sentences.

aberration abhorrent abject abnormal abnormally aboard aboriginal absentee absolutism abstain abundant abundantly abutment academy acceptance accessibility acclaimed accolade accomplish accountability acculturation accumulate accusation accustomed achievable acknowledge acknowledgement acoustic acoustically acquaintance acquisition acquit acquittal acrobatics actuarial acumen acute acutely ad lib adamant adaptable adequacy adhere adjudicate adjudication adjustable administrate administration administrative admiration admiringly admonition adrenaline adulterate advancement advantageous aetiology affectation affidavit affiliation affinity affirm aged aggravate agile agnosticism agony.alert alibi allegation allegiance alleviate altar alternate altitude altruistic amalgamation ambivalence ameliorate amend amicus curiae amid ammonia amorphous amortize ample amplification amplifier amplify.anachronism anaphora anarchic anarchism anarchy aneurysm angle animate animatedly annihilate annoyance annuity annulment anomaly antecedent anthology anthropological anthropologist anthropology anti anticancer anticipate anticlimactic antics antidote antithetical apathy aphorism apoptosis appalling appallingly appease appetite applaud appoint apportion appreciative apprehension apprehensive apprenticeship apt to aquifer arbitrage arbitrate arcane archaeologist archeologist archetypal archetype arena aristocracy arraignment arrhythmia artery articulate articulation artifice artistically ascendancy ascertain asceticism aspiration aspire assembly assertion assimilation associate assonance assumption assurance astonishment astringent astute asymptote athleticism atmospheric attain attainment attendance attentive attentively attest attractiveness attribute audacious audit audition.augmented austerely authenticity authorise authoritarian authoritative authorize autonomously autonomy autopilot aversion awareness axiomatic baccalaureate backlash ballad ballot bankruptcy barren basis basis point bathos battlefield bear market beforehand beguilingly belligerence beneficiary benevolence benevolent bequeath bewilderment bigotry billiards biosynthesis bipartisan birthplace blast bleak blessing blockbuster bloodstream bolster bombard bony booth bore botany bothersome bouquet bourbon brainwashing breach breadwinner breakthrough breathless broaden broadly brotherhood buffoonery bulk bull market bulletin bully bum burden bureau bureaucratic burgeoning bypass cacophony calamitous calculation capability capital gains capitulate capsule captivate carefree carelessness carrier cartography catastrophic categorization categorize catharsis causation caution caveat cavity ceaselessly cellular centrifugal certification chancellor chaotic chaotically characterization characterize charisma cheerfulness chiasmus choke choreography chromatography chronological chronology circulate circulation circumscription circumvent cirrhosis citizenship clan clarify classical classification clemency cleverness climax clinical cloak cloistered clone closeness clout coalition coarse coastline cocoon codicil coerce coercion cogently cohesive collaborate collaboration collaborative collateral collide collocation colloquially colonial columnist coma combustion commendation commensurate commercially commodity commonly commotion compassion compassionate compatible compelling compellingly compendium compensate compensation competence compile complacent completion compliance compliant complicate complicity comply component composition compress compression comprise compromise compulsion computerize concatenate conceal conceivable conception concern concerto concession conciliation conciliatory concise concurrent condensation conducive confabulation confection conferencing confession confine confiscate conform conformity confrontation congenial congratulate congregate connoisseur connotation conquer conscience conscientious consciousness consent consequent consequentialism conservationist conserve consignment consolation consortium constitute constitution constitutional constrained consultancy consultation consummate consumption contaminate contemptuous contend contention contentious contested contextual contingency continual continually contractor contractual contradict contradiction contraption controversy conurbation convene convention converge convergence conversion convey conviction convoluted cooperative coordinate cordon cornerstone corps corpse correctness correlate correlation correspondent corrupt corruption cosmic cosmos cost-effective costly counselling counterproductive countless countryman countrywide coupled courageous coverage crackdown craftsman crater crave credential credible credulous crescendo criterion crumble cryogenics crystallization crystallize culminate culmination culpability cultish cultivate cumbersome cumulative curator customary deadlock debacle decentralize declaration decomposition decorum decree dedicate dedication defamation defer deference defiant deficiency deficit deflation deforest degradation dehumanize delegate delicately delicatessen demographic demography demolition demonstration demystification dendrite denotation denouement denunciation deontology deplete depletion deploy deposition depress depressive deregulation derisively derivatives derive descent descriptive despise destiny destructive deter deteriorate determinism detest detestable devastate devotion devout diabetes diachronic dialectic dichotomy dictator didactic digest digitalization digitalize digress diligently diminish diphtheria diplomacy dire disapproval disastrous discernible discharge disclose discomfort disconnect discrepancy discriminate discrimination disdainful disestablishment disillusion disillusionment disinformation dismantle disorderly disparagement disparaging disparate dispel dispensable dispensary displace displeasure dispose disquieting disruption dissect dissection dissemination dissent dissertation dissipate dissociation dissonance distillation distinctly distinguish distortion distraction distressing distributor disturbance diversion divestiture divided divination divine divisive divulge dogma dogmatic domestically domesticate domestication domesticity dominantly domination done doorkeeper doorway doppelganger dormant downplay downturn downward dramatist draught drawback.drought dualism dubious duplication durable duration dutiful dwindle dynamically dynasty eccentricity echolocation eclectically eclecticism ecological ecologist ecotourism ecstatic ecstatically edema edification educator effectiveness effortless egoism elaboration elasticity elated electrode electrolysis elegance elephantine eligible eliminate elite ellipsis embargo embark embarrass embarrassment embodiment embolism eminence eminent domain emolument empathetic emphatically empire empiricism empower emulsifier emulsify encumbrance encyclopedia endeavor endeavour endemic endorsement endothermic enduringly enforce enforcement engage engagement engrossing enhance enjambment enormously enrich enshrine ensue entail enterprise enthuse entrepreneurship environmentalist envisage epicureanism epidemic epistemology equanimous equation equilibrium erect erratic essentialism establishment estoppel eternally eternity ethos etymology euphemism euphemistic evacuate evacuation evaluate evaluation everlasting evict evolve exacerbate exaggerate exaggeration exalted exceed excel excellence excerpt excess excessive exchange rate exclusion exclusive exclusively execute execution exemption exhaust exhaustion exhibit exhilarating existentialism exorbitant exothermic exotically expedient expel expenditure explanatory exploitation exploration explosively expressive extant extensively extinct extinction extinguish extracurricular extrapolate extravagance extravagant extrovert exuberance exuberant exuberantly fabric fabrication fabulously facilitate facilitation faction faculty fait accompli familiarise familiarize fascinate fascination fatalism fatality fathom fatigue favourable favourably feast feeble fermentation ferociously fervent feverishly fiasco fibre fibrosis fickle fictional fiduciary fiendishly figuratively firewall fiscal fission fixture flaw flawed fleet.fleeting flesh fluctuate fluctuation fluorescence folktale footnote forcefully forego forensic forerunner foresee.foreshadowing forfeiture forge formally format formidably formula forsake foster foul foundation fragmentation fragrance frank frantic frantically free will friction fright frustrated fulfil functionality fundamental funk furnish fuse fusion fuss futile futures gale galvanize gangrene gangster garner generalisation generalise generalization generalize genetic genius genome genuflect genuflection geological geologically geology geopolitical gerrymander gesture getaway gifted glabrous glimpse gloomy glorious glory glow godly goodwill gorge governmental gown grace graceful gracefulness graphically grapple grasp gratitude gratuitous gravestone gravitation gregarious grueling gruesomely guardianship guerrilla gutsy habeas corpus habitat habitation hackneyed handicap hanging haphazardly happenstance harassment hardship.hatch hatred haughtily hauntingly havoc hazard hazardous headmistress headstrong healing hearing heavenly hedonism hegemony helpless hematoma hemp hence herd hermetic hermit hesitation heuristic hibernation hierarchy hijack hinder historicism histrionic hitherto hiv holistic homely homeostasis homestead homicide honorable honourable hospice hospitality hospitalize hostess hostile hover humanism humanity humiliate humiliating humiliation hyperinflation hypertension hypothetical hysteria hysterical hysterically idealism ideology idiomatic idiosyncrasy idle idol illicit illuminate illustration imagery imaginary imbue imitate.immense immensely immigrate imminent immortality immortalize impaired impeccable impeccably impediment imperceptible impermanent impersonal impersonally impersonate impersonation impersonator impertinent impervious impolitely impose impractical impresario impressionism imprison imprisonment improbable inadequate inadvertent incandescent incarceration incense incessant inchoate incisive incite inclusion inclusive inclusively inconclusive incongruity incongruous incredibly incubation indefatigable indefinite indefinitely indescribable index fund indictment indigenous indignantly indirectly indiscretion induce inducement indulgence indulgently industrialize ineffective inevitable inexcusable inexcusably inexhaustible inexorable inexorably inexplicably infectious infer infernally inflammatory inflection inflict influential informative ingenious ingenuously ingratiate ingratiating inhabit inherent inherently inheritance inhibit initiative injection injunction injustice innocuous innovation innovative inpatient insatiable inscrutable insecurely insensitive insight insightful inspect inspection inspiration instantaneous instigate instinct instinctive instruct instruction insubordinate insubordination insufficient intact integral integrate integration integrity intense interaction interactive interconnected interjection intermediate intermittent interpersonal interpolate interpret interpretation interrogation interrogatively intersection intersperse interviewee interweave intransitive intravenous intrepid intricate intruder intuitive intuitively invariable investigator invitingly invoke ionization irate irresistibly irrevocable irrevocably irritate ischemia isolation itinerary jargon jeopardize judiciary jurisdiction jurisprudence juvenile juxtaposition kafkaesque kinesiology kinetics knowledgeable laborious lamentation languish laryngitis laudable laudatory lavatory lawful leadership lease legendary legislate legislation legislative legislator legislature lengthen lengthy lenient lesion lethal leverage levy lexicon liable liaison liberal liberation libertarianism lien lighten limitation linguistics liquidate liquidity literal litotes locomotion log logic loneliness longevity loophole ludicrously luminescence luridly luxurious machinate macroeconomics madness magnanimity magnetically magnetism magnify magpie makeshift malapropism malfunction maliciously malleability manifesto manipulate marginalized marginally marine marketability mass masseur materialistic materialization materialize mathematical mayhem meaningless mediaeval median meditate meditation melodious melodiously memoir memorization menace menacingly menial mentor mercantile mercenary merge merger merit.metamorphosis metaphysics metastasis meteorological meteorology methane methodical meticulously metonymy microeconomics micromanagement micrometer microscopic microscopy midwifery mighty migration mill mindfulness mingle miniature minimise minimize miracle misanthropy mischievous misconception misfortune mislead misleading mission mistreat mistrustful mitigate mobility mobilize moderate modernism modernization modification modify molecular monastery monetary policy monism monopolize monorail monotonous monotonously morale morality morpheme mortar motherland motionless mount mountaineer multinational muscle-bound muster mutability mutation mutinously mutual mythological mythology nanotechnology narcissistic narrate nascent naturally naturalness naval necrosis needless neglect neglectful negligence negligently negotiation nemesis neologism nervousness neurological neuropathy neutralization neutralize niche nihilism noble nominalism nomination nominee non sequitur nonchalant nonchalantly nonetheless norms nostril notable noticeable notion notorious notoriously notwithstanding nought nourishment novelty nuance nucleus nurturing nutshell objectivism oblige obsolete obstruct occasional occupational octogenarian offense officially offset offshore offspring ointment omnipresent onerous oneself openly opposition opt optimism opulently orchid ordeal ordinarily ore originality ornamental oscillate osmosis ostensible ostensibly otter oust outdistance outlaw outlook outsider outspoken outweigh overbook overdraft overemphasize overestimate overhaul overhear overjoyed override overshadow oversight overt overturn overwhelm overwhelming oxidation oxymoron ozone pal palm pangolin paradigm paradise paradoxical parameter paratrooper parental parole participant participation particle pathos patriotism patron patronizing pedagogical pedagogy peer penalize pending penniless perceive perceptively permanence perpetual perpetuate perseverance persevere persistent personalize personification persuasion persuasive persuasively pervasiveness perversity petulant phenomenally philanthropist philanthropy philistine philosophy physicality physiological pickle picky piracy pitfall pivotal plaintiff plausibility plausibly playwright plea pleasurable pledge pleonasm plight pluralism plutocrat poignant pointless pole polio polish politically polymorphism polysyllabic polysyndeton ponderously popularization popularize pose positivism possess postmodernism postulate posture practicality practitioner pragmatism precipitate preclude precocious precociously predicament predicate predilection predominant predominantly preferable preferably prehistoric preliminary premier premise premises preoccupation prerogative prescriptive presentational preservation preservationist pressurization pressurize prestige prestigious presumably presuppose prevalence prevalent prevention preventive primitive primitively principally principle prior prioritize pristine privatization privilege privileged probability probation procedural proceed procrastination procure prodigy productive profess profitability profitable programmer progressive prohibitive projection prolifically prolong prolonged promenade prominence prominent prompt pronounced propagate propensity proportion proportional proposition proprietary proscribe proscription prose prospective prosper prosperity prosperous protagonist protective protrusion proverbial province provincial provision provisional provisions provocative provocatively prowess proxy prudent prurient psychiatric psychiatrist psychosis publicize publicly pulse punctuality pundit punitively purge purity purposeful puzzle quake qualitative quandary quantitative easing quantum quash querulous rack radiate radically ramification rampant ranger rape rapturous rapturously rarity ratify rational rationalism realisation realism realization realm reassure rebellious rebut recapitulate recess recidivism recitation reckless reckoning reconsider recruit rectify recuperation recurrent rediscover redundancy redundantly reenact referendum refinery reflective refraction refreshing refreshingly refurbish refurbishment refusal regardless registration regrettably regulatory relativism relativity relentless relinquish reluctance reluctant reluctantly remand remarkably reminder reminisce reminiscent remittance remnant remonstrance remonstrate remorseful remorsefully remorseless remunerate renowned reorganise reorganize repeal repeatedly repercussion repetition replacement replenish replicate replication repression reprimand reproduce repudiate requisition rescind resemble resentment residence resignation resin resist.resistance resolute resonance resounding resoundingly respectably respectively restitution restoration resuscitate resuscitation retain retaliate reticent retina retrospection retrospective reunification revamp.revelatory reverberate reverberation reverse revoke revolutionize rhetorical rhetorically rhyme riddle righteousness ritual rival robust robustly roundup rubble rudely rudimentary rumble rumination ruminative rupture rustle ruthlessness sacred sacrifice salesmanship salve sanction.sandwiched sanguine sanitation sarcasm saw scaffolding scarlet scholar scholarly scholarship schoolteacher scientifically scope scornfully screenplay scribble scrupulous seamless secession securities seedy segment segregation selectivity self-conscious semantics seminal sensationalism sentient sentimental separation sequel serene serial setback settlement sexism shaken shaky shameful shatter sheer shift shrewd shun sibilance significance silhouette similarly simplicity simultaneous simultaneously skeptical slab slavery sleepless slob slot smattering smokestack smug socialization solemn soliloquize solitariness solitude soothe sorrow sovereignty span spark sparkle sparse specialty specifically specification spectacle spectrum speculation speculative spellbound sphere spin spiral spire spokesman sponge sponsorship spontaneity spontaneous sporadic sportsmanship spuriously spurn stack stagflation staggering stagnation stake stalemate stamina stammer standstill startle startlingly starvation statesman statute staunch steadfast stem stenosis stereotype stifle stimulant stimulation stint stoichiometry stolid strain strategic strenuous strife stringently strip strive structuralism structurally stuffiness stumble stun stylist stylistic subconscious subculture subdivision subjectivism subjunctive sublimation subordinate subsidy substantially succession sufficient sufficiently suicide summarily summarise summarize summit summon sundial superficial superintendent superior supersede superstition supervision supple supportive supposedly surge surgeon surmount surpass surrealism surrealist surrender surreptitious surveillance suspend suspension sustainable sustainably swarm sway swell sympathise syndrome synecdoche synthesis synthesize synthetic taciturnity tactic tactically tame tamper tantamount tautology taxonomy teamwork technically tedious telecommuting teleology telescopic temperate tenaciously tentative terminate testimonial testimony thankful theoretical therapeutic thereafter thereby thermodynamics thoughtful thoughtless thread threatening threshold thrifty thrill thrombosis thwart timeliness titration tobacco tolerant toll topography tort tortoiseshell totalitarian totalitarianism totemic trace trafficking tranquil transatlantic transcend transcendentalism transference transformation transfusion transistor transit transitional transitive transmission transmitter treacherous treaty trespass triage tribunal trifle trigger triumph trope tropic trough truncate trustworthy truthful truthfulness tuberculosis tumour turn to ubiquitous ultimately unanimous unashamedly unassisted unauthorized unavailable unbearable unbeatable unbiased uncertainty uncomfortably uncommon unconcerned uncontrollable unconventional unconvincing uncover undemonstrative underemployment underestimate undergo underlying undermine underpin undertake unencumbered unenviable unfold unforeseen unhelpful uniformity uninspiring unite unload unmanageable unmediated unmistakable unmistakably unnervingly unobtrusive unoccupied unofficial unprecedented unpredictable unrelated unsafe unscrupulous unsettling unstoppable unsurpassed unsuspected unsustainable unwanted unwarranted unwavering unwaveringly uphold uplifted urbanism usage utilitarianism utilization utterly vacancy vaccine vague valence validate vandalize vanquish variable varicose vein veneration venomously ventilation verbal verdant verily veritable versatility versus vertigo vessel vestigial veteran victorious viewpoint vigilance vigilantly vigorous vigorously vigourously vindication vindictive violate virtualization virtuosity vis-a-vis viscosity vocalist vocational voluntarily voluntary voraciously voracity waive wares warranted warranty warrior weaken weep whilst whip whirlwind widespread wield winsome wit withdrawal withhold woodcarving wordlessly worsen worship worthless worthy wreak writ yield curve youthful zealous zero-sum zoologist zoology

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