1The politician's opponents resorted to calumny, spreading false rumors about her personal life in an attempt to undermine her campaign.
2The historian's reputation was tarnished by calumny when a rival scholar fabricated evidence to discredit his research.
3The company's competitors engaged in calumny, making false claims about the quality of their products in order to gain an unfair advantage.
4The journalist was sued for calumny after publishing a series of articles that made false and damaging accusations about a local business owner.
5In ancient Rome, calumny was a serious crime, punishable by law, as it was seen as a threat to the social order and the reputation of individuals.