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CEFR C2 — Proficiency

Irony

Definition

(literary/formal) A figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is opposite of their literal meaning; often used to convey meaning that is opposite of, or contrary to, what the words literally say. Typically collocates with: verbal, situational, dramatic, cosmic, irony of fate.

Example Sentences

1The fire station catching on fire is an example of cosmic irony, where the opposite of what is expected to happen occurs.
2The author's use of verbal irony in the novel adds a layer of complexity to the narrative, as the characters' words often convey meanings that are opposite of their literal interpretations.
3The irony of fate is that the person who invented the life jacket was unable to swim himself.
4The situational irony in the play is evident when the character who is afraid of heights is forced to climb a mountain.
5The dramatic irony in the story is that the reader knows the outcome of the events, but the characters do not, creating a sense of tension and suspense.

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