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CEFR C2 — Proficiency

Contumacious

Definition

(formal, literary) Showing a stubborn refusal to obey rules or authority; characterized by a deliberate and intentional disobedience, often in a way that is perceived as arrogant or defiant. Typically used in formal or literary contexts to describe behavior that is seen as willfully non-compliant or resistant to control.

Example Sentences

1The contumacious attitude of the defendant towards the court was evident in her repeated refusal to answer questions directly.
2Is it possible to distinguish between a legitimate exercise of free speech and contumacious disregard for the law, or are these two concepts inextricably linked?
3The company's contumacious stance on environmental regulations has led to widespread criticism and calls for greater accountability.
4Avoid adopting a contumacious tone in your academic writing; instead, focus on presenting a clear and respectful argument.
5There is a long history of contumacious behavior in the context of social movements, where activists deliberately challenge unjust laws or authority structures.

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