1The politician's opponents sought to calumniate her character with baseless accusations of corruption.
2In the 19th century, writers often used satire to calumniate the social elite and challenge the status quo.
3The company's lawyers argued that the rival firm's advertising campaign was designed to calumniate their client's products.
4Historians have long debated whether the ancient sources calumniate or accurately portray the reign of the infamous tyrant.
5There is a fine line between constructive criticism and calumny; the former seeks to improve, while the latter aims to calumniate and destroy.